Alzheimer’s Disease & Oral Health

Why the Link Matters

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that results in memory loss, confusion, and difficulties in thinking and behaviour. As it advances, many individuals require increasing support with everyday tasks such as eating, personal hygiene, and self care. Let’s take a closer look at the link between Alzheimer’s Disease and oral health.

Good oral hygiene is important for everyone but especially for older adults and for those living with Alzheimer’s. Those diagnosed with Alzheimer’s “can forget how to take care of their teeth or why it’s important,” making them more vulnerable to oral health problems. Poor oral health doesn’t just affect the mouth, growing evidence suggests it may have connections with systemic conditions, including Alzheimer’s. For example, gingivitis bacteria may travel to the brain via nerve channels or the bloodstream, “possibly leading to Alzheimer’s disease.” A key bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, commonly found in advanced gum disease (periodontitis), has been identified in research as having a possible link with Alzheimer’s disease.

Why people with Alzheimer’s are at greater Oral Health Risk

• Memory loss and confusion can lead to missed brushing, flossing, or rinsing.
• Decreased ability to communicate pain or discomfort in the mouth may delay detection of dental problems.
• Some medications or health conditions may reduce saliva (causing dry mouth), which increases risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
• Advanced gum disease may itself contribute to systemic inflammation and microbial spread, potentially affecting brain health.

The Advice

• Encourage and assist with brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, and daily flossing or interdental cleaning.
• Ensure regular dental check‑ups as professional cleanings help remove hardened plaque/tartar, lowering the risk of gum disease progression.
• Monitor for signs of gum disease like bleeding gums, swelling, bad breath, loose teeth. These may be harder to communicate when cognitive decline is present.
• Address dry mouth proactively, since reduced saliva raises risk of decay and gum disease, steps to stimulate saliva (e.g., hydrating, sugar‑free gum, alternative medications) help.
• Understand the broader health context as good oral hygiene may contribute to overall health and potentially mitigate risks linked to systemic conditions, including those involving the brain.