Laser Eye Surgery

What You Need to Know

For many people who rely on glasses or contact lenses every day, laser eye surgery can sound like an appealing alternative. But what exactly does it involve, and is it suitable for everyone?

Laser eye surgery, also known as ‘Laser Refractive Surgery, changes the shape of the cornea so that light can focus more accurately on the retina. It can be used to correct common refractive errors including short-sightedness (myopia), long-sightedness (hyperopia) and astigmatism. During LASIK, a thin flap is created in the cornea before a laser reshapes the tissue underneath.

What are the different types?

You may have heard of LASIK, but it isn’t the only form of refractive eye surgery. Other procedures include PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) and SMILE (small incision lenticule extraction). The techniques differ in how the surgeon accesses and reshapes the cornea, meaning the most appropriate treatment will depend on the individual patient and their eyes.

Is Laser Eye Surgery effective?

Research supports laser eye surgery as an effective alternative to correcting refractive errors with glasses or contact lenses, although outcomes and suitability vary between individuals. A 2025 study involving 50 people undergoing topography-guided LASIK found significant improvements in patient-reported satisfaction three months after treatment. In that particular study, 98% of treated eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. However, good outcomes depend on careful patient selection, which is why a full assessment with a qualified optician/eye-care professional is important.

What Should You Consider Before Surgery?

Laser eye surgery isn’t suitable for everyone. Before LASIK, an eye doctor/optometrist will assess factors including your prescription, pupil size and corneal thickness and map the eye to determine whether you may be a suitable candidate.

Potential side effects also need to be considered. Dry eye is one of the most recognised complications following corneal laser refractive surgery. A 2023 study identified dry eye as the most common complication following procedures including LASIK, SMILE and PRK, highlighting the importance of pre-operative screening and management of the ocular surface. It also found a significant reduction in tear production and tear break-up time following LASIK.

Looking After your Long-Term Eye Health

Even if laser eye surgery reduces your dependence on glasses or contact lenses, it doesn’t remove the need to look after your eyes. Regular comprehensive eye tests can help identify signs of eye conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. If you’re thinking about laser eye surgery, start by discussing your vision, eye health and expectations with a qualified optometrist. They can assess your individual circumstances and help you understand the potential benefits and risks before you decide if treatment is right for you.