Fungal Infections in the Mouth

When people think of dental infections, bacteria are usually the first culprit that comes to mind. However, fungi can also cause infections in the mouth and around the teeth. These fungal infections are most seen in individuals with weakened immune systems, diabetes, dry mouth, denture use, or those who have recently taken antibiotics. Oral fungal infections are opportunistic, meaning they develop when the normal balance of microorganisms in the mouth is disrupted.

The most common oral fungal infection is oral thrush (oral candidiasis). While it often affects the tongue, cheeks and palate, it can also contribute to inflammation around teeth and gums, interacting with harmful oral bacteria, increasing the severity of gum disease and potentially contributing to tooth decay. Reduced saliva flow, poor oral hygiene, uncontrolled diabetes, smoking, and wearing removable dentures are among the key risk factors associated with fungal overgrowth in the mouth.

Symptoms of a fungal oral infection may include:

• White or creamy patches in the mouth.
• Red, sore or cracked tissues.
• A burning sensation or altered taste.
• Persistent bath breath.
• Gum inflammation or discomfort around teeth.

Diagnosis may involve a clinical exam and, in some cases, laboratory testing to identify the fungal species involved. Treatment typically focuses on addressing underlying risk factors while using antifungal medications prescribed by your dentist or GP.

Maintaining good oral hygiene, staying hydrated, managing medical conditions such as diabetes, and attending your dentist regularly are all important preventive measures.